They went on to occupy the city of Elatea, only a few days' march from both Athens and Thebes. The Smyrnaeans sent ambassadors to the oracle at Clarus to ask about this, and after the response from the oracle they decided to move to the "new" city. This cost him the sympathies of many of his countrymen, and he eventually abandoned it. Thus, in Bactria and Sogdiana, Alexander successfully used his javelin throwers and archers to prevent outflanking movements, while massing his cavalry at the center. One Greek king, Menander I, probably became Buddhist, and was immortalized in Buddhist literature as 'Milinda'. He overcame this by being personally involved in battle,[89] in the manner of a Macedonian king. He appointed Porus as satrap, and added to Porus's territory land that he did not previously own, towards the south-east, up to the Hyphasis (Beas). Trending. [275] Several Buddhist traditions may have been influenced by the ancient Greek religion: the concept of Boddhisatvas is reminiscent of Greek divine heroes,[278] and some Mahayana ceremonial practices (burning incense, gifts of flowers, and food placed on altars) are similar to those practised by the ancient Greeks; however, similar practices were also observed amongst the native Indic culture. [307], Alexander features prominently in modern Greek folklore, more so than any other ancient figure. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. [252], According to Diodorus Siculus, Alexander accumulated a harem in the style of Persian kings, but he used it rather sparingly, "not wishing to offend the Macedonians",[253] showing great self-control in "pleasures of the body". With these victories, he secured his northern frontier. The death of the son necessitated the death of the father, and thus Parmenion, who had been charged with guarding the treasury at Ecbatana, was assassinated at Alexander's command, to prevent attempts at vengeance. [153][162], Alexander's sexuality has been the subject of speculation and controversy in modern times. [173][174], Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. on the country in which you live. [291][292][293] The historian Christopher Matthew mentions that the term Phalangarii has two possible meanings, both with military connotations. The horse refused to be mounted, and Philip ordered it away. WebCity of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. WebThe story is an epic that is as daring and ambitious as its subject, a relentless conqueror who by the age of 32 had amassed the greatest empire the world had ever seen. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. [114] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171168 BC). With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. Menu. [62] Alexander had no obvious or legitimate heir, his son Alexander IV by Roxane being born after Alexander's death. [180], Alexander's death was so sudden that when reports of his death reached Greece, they were not immediately believed. Origin: The name Alexander is the Latin form of the Greek name Alexandros. [283] The Corinthian order is also heavily represented in the art of Gandhara, especially through Indo-Corinthian capitals. Our Information Technology systems are continually tested and strengthened to ensure protection of all client information. The gold series had the head of Athena on the obverse and a winged Nike (Victory) on the reverse. [234], Alexander married three times: Roxana, daughter of the Sogdian nobleman Oxyartes of Bactria,[235][236][237] out of love;[238] and the Persian princesses Stateira and Parysatis, the former a daughter of Darius III and the latter a daughter of Artaxerxes III, for political reasons. [212][213] Reconstruction of the original polychromy of the relief with Alexander on the sarcophagus shows him with brown eyes and chestnut brown hair. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. This ensured that Alexander would not be outflanked, while his phalanx, armed with long pikes, had a considerable advantage over the Persians' scimitars and javelins. Moreover, that a very pleasant odour exhaled from his skin and that there was a fragrance about his mouth and all his flesh, so that his garments were filled with it, this we have read in the Memoirs of Aristoxenus. When the animal died (because of old age, according to Plutarch, at age thirty), Alexander named a city after him, Bucephala. [216], Alexander's legacy extended beyond his military conquests, and his reign marked a turning point in European and Asian history. [188] Other scholars have proposed that they were invented by later authors within the tradition of the Alexander Romance. Buy Now. [84] Darius fled over the mountains to Ecbatana (modern Hamadan) while Alexander captured Babylon. Irish playwright Aubrey Thomas de Vere wrote Alexander the Great, a Dramatic Poem. [131] This river thus marks the easternmost extent of Alexander's conquests. [125][126] Choosing a local helped him control these lands so distant from Greece. He then stormed the pass of the Persian Gates (in the modern Zagros Mountains) which had been blocked by a Persian army under Ariobarzanes and then hurried to Persepolis before its garrison could loot the treasury.[87]. Buy Now. [299][300], Arrian wrote that Aristobulus said that Alexander named Icarus island (modern Failaka Island) in the Persian Gulf after Icarus island in the Aegean. [156][157][158] In a 2014 manuscript in the journal Clinical Toxicology, Schep suggested Alexander's wine was spiked with Veratrum album, and that this would produce poisoning symptoms that match the course of events described in the Alexander Romance. Constantinople 1453: The End of Byzantium. At Termessos, Alexander humbled but did not storm the Pisidian city. He developed a life-long love of reading and [224] He had great charisma and force of personality, characteristics which made him a great leader. [313] Later Persian writers associate him with philosophy, portraying him at a symposium with figures such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, in search of immortality. Alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a Greek invasion of Arabia. [42] Alexander reacted by sending an actor, Thessalus of Corinth, to tell Pixodarus that he should not offer his daughter's hand to an illegitimate son, but instead to Alexander. WebAlexander disease is a rare disorder of the nervous system. Commerce. [310], According to Josephus, Alexander was shown the Book of Daniel when he entered Jerusalem, which described a mighty Greek king who would conquer the Persian Empire. Alexander, however, detecting the horse's fear of its own shadow, asked to tame the horse, which he eventually managed. ", PUF, 2011. p. xl, Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, J, Woronoff & I. Spence, Ashrafian H. "The Death of Alexander the Greata Spinal Twist of Fate. Nicolle, David (2000). ABOUT US. He continued the tradition of writing close commentaries on Aristotles work established in the first century BCE by [45], In summer 336BC, while at Aegae attending the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra to Olympias's brother, Alexander I of Epirus, Philip was assassinated by the captain of his bodyguards, Pausanias. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. Alexander moved back and forth between Detroit's active roster and practice squad over the first half of the season. ABOUT US; CONTACT US; CITY BOARDS; NEWS & EVENTS. His father Philip was probably Alexander's most immediate and influential role model, as the young Alexander watched him campaign practically every year, winning victory after victory while ignoring severe wounds. The trilogy of Mary Renault consisting of "Fire from Heaven", "The Persian Boy" and "Funeral Games". After that victory he was sent by Alexander in pursuit of Porus, to whom he was charged to offer favourable terms, but narrowly escaped losing his life at the hands of his old enemy. Chemistry. [316] In medieval India, Turkic and Afghan sovereigns from the Iranian-cultured region of Central Asia brought positive cultural connotations of Alexander to the Indian subcontinent, resulting in the efflorescence of Sikandernameh (Alexander Romances) written by Indo-Persian poets such as Amir Khusrow and the prominence of Alexander the Great as a popular subject in Mughal-era Persian miniatures. Curtius Rufus, a Roman historian from the first century AD, who wrote the Histories of Alexander the Great, gives this account of Alexander sitting on the throne of Darius III: Then Alexander seating himself on the royal throne, which was far too high for his bodily stature. The types of these coins remained constant in his empire. on the country in which you live. This was a sign of Caracalla's increasingly erratic behaviour. "[305], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. Web281 James D. Nabors Drive, Alexander City, AL 35010 (256) 329-6700 WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, Later in his childhood, Alexander was tutored by the strict Leonidas, a relative of his mother, and by Lysimachus of Acarnania. In 336 he sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus, and an army of 10,000 men into Anatolia to make preparations for an invasion. The name Alexander is also found throughout the New Testament, and there are dozens of Christian saints who bear the name. [102] However, Alexander's eventual decision to burn the Achaemenid palace at Persepolis in conjunction with the major rejection and opposition of the "entire Persian people" made it impracticable for him to pose himself as Darius' legitimate successor. Philip was then named Hegemon (often translated as "Supreme Commander") of this league (known by modern scholars as the League of Corinth), and announced his plans to attack the Persian Empire. [310] In Egypt, Alexander was portrayed as the son of Nectanebo II, the last pharaoh before the Persian conquest. He is known as 'the great' both for his He had his cousin, the former Amyntas IV, executed. These only occasionally quote the letters and it is an open question how reliable such quotations are. [50] He also had two Macedonian princes from the region of Lyncestis killed for having been involved in his father's assassination, but spared a third, Alexander Lyncestes. Some of the most pronounced effects of Hellenization can be seen in Afghanistan and India, in the region of the relatively late-rising Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (250125 BC) (in modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan) and the Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC 10 AD) in modern Afghanistan and India. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. WebFind your Area of Focus. [79] To legitimize taking power and be recognized as the descendant of the long line of pharaohs, Alexander made sacrifices to the gods at Memphis and went to consult the famous oracle of Amun-Ra at the Siwa Oasis. The Hellenistic period developed through the Roman Empire into modern Western culture; the Greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the Byzantine Empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century AD. [53], Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognized as the leader of the Amphictyonic League before heading south to Corinth. [102] The latter were in many cases additionally connected through marriage alliances with the royal Achaemenid family. FIRE DEPT. This system is the primary tool for students, and is used for many of the Colleges administrative functions and services, including: Admissions apply to AC, check your application status. [149][152] The accounts were nevertheless fairly consistent in designating Antipater, recently removed as Macedonian viceroy and at odds with Olympias, as the head of the alleged plot. [266][267], Suda wrote that Alexander built a big temple to Sarapis. [200] Despite those caveats, Lysippos's sculpture, famous for its naturalism, as opposed to a stiffer, more static pose, is thought to be the most faithful depiction.[201]. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. [17], Alexander's most immediate legacy was the introduction of Macedonian rule to huge new swathes of Asia. [187] Furthermore, Perdiccas had read the notebooks containing Alexander's last plans to the Macedonian troops in Babylon, who voted not to carry them out.[62]. [39] The marriage made Alexander's position as heir less secure, since any son of Cleopatra Eurydice would be a fully Macedonian heir, while Alexander was only half-Macedonian. Justin stated that Alexander was the victim of a poisoning conspiracy, Plutarch dismissed it as a fabrication,[151] while both Diodorus and Arrian noted that they mentioned it only for the sake of completeness. [107] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. [269] Aspects of Hellenistic culture were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century.[274]. [140], After three days, unable to persuade his men to back down, Alexander gave Persians command posts in the army and conferred Macedonian military titles upon Persian units. UPCOMING EVENTS. [181][220] His unique abilities were further demonstrated by the inability of any of his generals to unite Macedonia and retain the Empire after his deathonly Alexander had the ability to do so. [152], The strongest argument against the poison theory is the fact that twelve days passed between the start of his illness and his death; such long-acting poisons were probably not available. [14] Plutarch offered a variety of interpretations for these dreams: that Olympias was pregnant before her marriage, indicated by the sealing of her womb; or that Alexander's father was Zeus. 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