Throughout his writings, Machiavelli subscribes to a consistent theory of human nature. When you hear the name Machiavelli what do you think of? Where Machiavelli mentioned using cruelty, one can say this applied to the rise of Hitlers reign by how he punished the Jews and other minorities all the while maintaining a merciful appearance for those who supported. Islam views human from two different perspectives; spiritual and metaphysical. No plagiarism, guaranteed! In answering this, explain why Machiavelli holds the conception of human nature that you think he does - upon what, that is, does his conception rest? To simplify, Machiavelli says princes are obligated to lie in certain circumstances. The state according to Machiavelli has no important relation to the church but it also has no relation to God or any other super natural power for the matter of fact, he says that the state needs religion only as an instrumental object for furthering its own object. According to Shadiya (2012), Karl Marx is a sociologist proposed a theory that human beings are the outcomes of the materials and economic circumstances. Morality and justice are necessarily artificial, imposed by a ruthless will. Machiavelli viewed humans as inherently selfish and corrupt, these is his main argument for the need for a political dictatorship as the ultimate form of government. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! You have to fight to dominate" - "Chance governs a little more than half of our actions, and we run the rest" [ad#ad-1] Machiavelli and human nature: Machiavelli quotes, Men love at their pleasure, but fear at the pleasure of the prince, who should therefore depend upon that which in his own, not upon that which is of others. Machiavelli says that, Men are ungrateful, fickle, deceitful, cowardly and avaricious. From this it sums up to the conclusion that a ruler or a monarch should aim rather to be feared than to be loved. The Prince, This is a significant analysis of Niccolo Machiavellis book The Prince. Appreciation is given to those with this trait because it is easier to reach agreements on important matters by both sides of the argument compromising. Their views on human nature and government had some common points and some ideas that differed. (Document 1) Many of the ideas in his book are shown in the ways these rulers governed their people. Therefore, if a prince wants to maintain his rule he must learn not to be so virtuous, and to make use of this or not according to need.16, Machiavelli's was that, "God does not want to do everything Himself, and take away from us our free will and our share of glory which belongs us."17. Machiavelli's The Prince was one of the first humanist works of the Renaissance. However, these ideas are not manifested explicitly to be topics that can be discussed until later. More specifically, Machiavelli tells readers that what kind of personality and morality a successful prince should have. The nature of human beings for Machiavelli, therefore, consists of being suspicious and untrusting, which is why the Prince should be sly like the fox and intimidating and frightening like the lion. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best Philosophers have no way of accepting this until it is proven. This claim especially clarifies the necessity of fear and the . Machiavellis vie and point of human nature was very materialistic, he had rejected and turned down the ideologies of the Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato who said that the state aims to make the people virtuous and good, he also dismisses the idea that existed in the medieval ages that the end of the state is to smooth the way of a man to eternal salvation. Machiavelli believes that human nature dictated how people should be led. One way is to show his esteem for talent actively encouraging the able and honouring those who excel in their professionsso that they can go peaceably about their business.10 By encouraging citizens to excel at their professions he would also be encouraging them to increase the prosperity of the their state.11 These measures, though carried out in deception, would bring the prince honor and trust amongst the citizens, especially those who were in the best positions to oppose him. Political Realism in International Relations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 2022-11-06. But he is here criticized with accordance to Plato and Aristotle who have said that throughout with the means of proper education man can be reformed. Plato considered state as the sole priority and religion to be a moral and an integrated part of the state. All these factors may contribute to the demise or takeover of a corporation which results in job losses and changes in management. But Machiavelli does not create an illusion he speaks and thinks practical and rational and reflects reality and most of his views are prevalent and can be seen in the present or current day scenario, as in todays life we too observed and think that people have become selfish and that they think mostly about themselves, a lot of examples can be given from our own personal life and what we observe of that of others. In More's Utopia, we find a treatise on ethics and human nature along with, above all else, a condemnation of pride, disguised in the painting of the . Machiavelli had assumed and had given the human nature a dark picture to an extreme that some think that he had considered humans to that of animals. "One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit; while you treat them well they are yours. . Therefore, the course of action that the prince can best control is what he should pursue. According to Allen, In Machiavellis views the state can be understood only in terms of human lusts and appetites and that the successful ruler must learn to control these forms.. In Machiavellis view they were all flawed because the qualities recommended for example: honesty and good faith were all suitable for a monastery than for struggles of political life. Machiavelli considered a good prince to be a mixture of a fox and a lion. The humanist Machiavelli and the materialist Hobbes emphasize the idea of human nature in their political theories. In case you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready Read on this essay's introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. He assimilated the political aspirations of his times and converted into a coherent and acceptable theory paving the way towards a Nation state system based on secularism and individualism. The content of the book is based on his observations and descriptions of human behavior. Novelguide.com is continually in the process of adding more books to the website each week. He asserts numbers of traits that inherent in nature. Like Hobbes, he is very pessimistic about human nature and believes that men by nature are purely selfish and they, in their lives, are always motivated by selfish desires. Accordingly men are always in a condition of strife and competition which threatens an open anarchy unless checked by the ruthless forces of the state.. Our sense of justice is just as much a part of our nature as our capacity for language. Please check back weekly to see what we have added. Niccolo Machiavelli's views of human nature strongly influenced his recommendations for governing. Knowing that man was corrupt he also felt that it would be best if society was ruled over by a sovereign government, an absolute monarchy, to ensure stability, whoever has power has the right to command; but goodness does not ensure power and the good person has no more authority by virtue of being good the only real concern of the political ruler is the acquisition and maintenance of power (Nederman, 2014). Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism Thoughts, feelings and behavior affect the soul. One way of maintaining control of was to institute a secular form of government. It also takes that same courage and wisdom to keep up the morale of his people during those troubled times. This essay is not an endorsement of any political party or statement. What is Machiavelli's overview of human nature in general and why is it so? Machiavelli strongly promoted a secular society and felt morality was not necessary but in fact stood in the way of an effectively governed principality.2 Though in come cases Machiavelli's suggestions seem harsh and immoral one must remember that these views were derived out of concern Italy's unstable political condition.3. In The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli presents a view of governing a state that is drastically different from that of humanists of his time. I. Machiavelli Human beings must never find pleasure in war; instead, they must choose to avoid war (25-27). Humans are insatiable but full of desires. Ethical beliefs are Platos main focus in a government. This sample essay on Machiavelli Human Nature provides important aspects of the issue and arguments for and against as well as the needed facts. He laid aside the Medieval conception of the state as a necessary creation for humankinds spiritual, material, and social well-being.14 In such a state,a ruler was justified in his exercise of political power only if it contributed to the common good of the people he served, and the ethical side of a princes activityought to be based on Christian moral principles.15 Machiavelli believed a secular form of government to be a more realistic type. Machiavelli postulates that a prince must also deceive those who attempt to flatter him. This essay was written by a fellow student. Machiavelli discourages action to taken otherwise "since men will always do badly by [the prince] unless they are forced to be virtuous. Niccolo Machiavelli's View On Human Nature, Social/Political Psychology The real nature of human beings is consisted of the totality of social relations. Locke, Marx and Machiavelli have different perceptions of human nature. match. But he should also question them toughly and listen to what they say; then he should make up his own mind.12, Since each person will only advice the prince in accord to his own interests, the prince must act on his own accord. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. He laid aside the Medieval conception "of the state as a necessary creation for humankinds spiritual, material, and social well-being. One of the themes to Machiavelli's plan included the dismissal of the affection of virtue of the nobility as well as the significance of an honest people. Machiavelli believes it is much safer to be feared than to be loved because people are less likely to offend and stand up against strong characters, also people are less concerned in offending a prince who has made himself loved. Then for Machiavelli he talks about how a prince should show no fear instead for him to show that he is the one with power. Machiavelli believes the ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of the state and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. He says that each person should be given his due so that no one is "punished unfairly" (10.1 Petrarch: Rules For The Ruler). In essence, human nature is evil; human beings are faithless to the words of the authority and do not always keep their promises. The bond of love is one which men, wretched creatures they are, break when it is to their advantage to do so; but fear is strengthened by a dread of punishment which is always effective.9 In order to win honor, Machaivelli suggests that a prince must be readily willing to deceive the citizens. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Supplemental understanding of the topic including revealing main issues described in the particular theme; He feels that men respond more strongly to fear than love. "10 By encouraging citizens to excel at their professions he would also be encouraging them to "increase the prosperity of the their state. Many factors can contribute to a businesss demise such as inflation which causes an increase on interest rates and currency, a new product or service failure due to poor advertising techniques or the niche in which the product is being introduced does not fit (poor market research) and financial turmoil or collapse of a business because the business profits does not exceed its expenses. A human being always tries to explain the main cause of this entangled philosophy, which manifests itself in the spectacular achievements of humankind and establishment of civilizations. His views were to the benefit of the prince, in helping him maintain power rather than to serve to the well being of the citizens. This fear is very low in the leader that is loved because of the respect and admiration in which he is held by his people. to help you write a unique paper. With similarities shared between the ruler and the common person the ruler will then be able to relate and be more respected amongst the population, as opposed to a ruler who rules with his own self interest at hand. So, when human beings die, they only die as physical body, and are raised as spiritual body. By route of their power, Principes should keep their citizens content. These two viewpoints had great influence during their time and for centuries to come, both with modern ideas and correct ideas even though they had a lot of contrast. In the piece, The Prince, Niccol Machiavelli argues the many principles of how a prince should and should not rule. Machiavelli, in short, may no more need a general conception of human nature than the economist needs to 'believe in' the existence of Economic Man. My view on human nature is that it is affected by a persons attitude and their environment. Machiavelli has become to be regarded as the founder of modern day, secular politics.19. the nature of the people thoroughly, and one of the populace to know the nature of princes" (Machiavelli 1950, 4). As for a comparison between the two texts of all that were given, we could take a look at the text Renaissance Humanist Values and the difference between Machiavellis ideologies to that of Pico Della Mirandola 's Oration on the Dignity of Man. In Machiavellis distinct view a worthy politician isnt honest and moral. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Machiavellis The Prince may be thought of the more recognizable of the two in the present, but people in the present day have many of the same ideas that, Having an open mind is another characteristic people turn to when contemplating what an ideal person is. of human nature and politics have not changed since antiquity. Machiavelli's view of human nature was not in accord to that of humanists who felt that an individual could greatly contribute to the well being of the society. People are fundamentally self-interested and unreliable. But since the two rarely come together, anyone compelled to choose will find greater security in being feared than in being, Machiavelli says this because when a Prince is feared people will respect him and do what he says and they will love him and praise him. Copyright 2022 service.graduateway.com. He is known as the first modern political thinker. Machiavelli's view that human nature was much darker than than idealised model of (religious) virtue promoted at the time was more realistic. But Machiavelli doesn't agree with this saying that men "love at their convenience, but fear the convenience of their prince" (The Prince, p., In Machiavelli's The Prince, hints of future democratic theories can be pulled out of Machiavelli's plan for the success of a prince of a state. [In] choosing wise men for his government and allowing those the freedom to speak the truth to him, and then only concerning matters on which he asks their opinion, and nothing else. Machiavelli had a thorough knowledge about human nature. In his work, he covered several topics that were used by future city-state leaders to help them become successful. In this work Machiavelli stresses the importance of being a warrior prince, a wise prince, and knowing how to navigate the duality of virt and vices. While many people argue that Machiavellis legitimization of lying and deception in politics is immoral, I argue the opposite. Open Document. In order to rule successfully he states a prince must possess some of the following characteristics; morality, a strong army, strict rule, common ground with his people and also to be widely respected. Machiavelli believes the ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of the state and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. Human consists of various combinations which are biological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements. Greek philosophers, generally speaking, held the view that reason is the essence of human nature, and that if a person 's reason is allowed to operate fully, that person will become an ideal being. Hobbes also held the same view. On other hand, others may argue that Machiavellis advice leads rulers astray and rather rulers should be kind and generous because morally that is the right thing to do. She states the importance of the body, that after all it should not be objectified as a mere tool of advertisement or to be jeered, This suggests that the mind and body are two entities that function separately from one another, and there is not a possibility of unity between the two, In the early sixteenth century there were two people that wrote about political power and the correct way to rule, both of these people would have great influence on their time period as well as future ones. Machiavellis views regarding politics, religion and morality are essentially based on his view of human nature. He on one hand encouraged people to be more and more religious and on the other hand he also set certain strategies for the ruler to assume and pretend to be merciful, god fearing, righteous, religious and powerful but when it comes to the state the ruler can and should go to any extremes for the sake and the security of the state even if he has to be or is considered to be immoral. The content of the book is based on his observations and descriptions of human behavior. Inside every human being, show more content Brutus's loyalty to his most trusted friend, Caesar, went astray when a problem arose among his Roman peers, and the betrayal was committed against Caesar which resulted in death. As opposed to regarding humans as having great potential, as was common in his time, Machiavelli analyzes power in a way that is more consistent with the realities of human nature. I. Machiavelli He is greedy. According to Machiavelli human nature is completely selfish and full of ego and that they always think about their own self interest like the masses desire safety and security and the ruler wants power, and that they are very selfish to gain and conquer their motives. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power.1 His understanding of human nature was a complete contradiction of what humanists believed and taught. An important aspect of this theory is the assumption that human nature is constant. By continuing well Machiavelli's general opinion that men are selfish contains an underlying truth to the human nature. Machiavellis concept of human nature is highly criticized by many till today, by various people and on various grounds. In answering the question of whether it is better to be loved than feared, Machiavelli writes, The answer is, of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. He states that a ruler cannot always be virtuous and good as different situations could lead him to evil and inhumane acts as shown in his statement "learn how not to be good"(Machiavelli, Ch. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. He advocated this style of governance because we live in a jungle - an ugly universe without ethics. His advice that a prince [or politicians] should dissemble their true nature if they lack the virtues required for office is also c. He believes we can be trustworthy but we quickly turn selfish. Nevertheless, it enhanced the virt of even the strongest prince. It is also possible to be both feared and loved but it is very difficult and only great rulers are able to create the balance., The Prince tells readers how to use power correctly; it also tells readers how to sustain the kingdoms power and prevent the kingdoms decay. Their views on human nature and government had some common points and some ideas that differed., Machiavelli was an author and an aspiring political figure who had a strong influence on several aspects of Europes government. We hate on others, we are jealous of others, we waste things when we are not supposed to, like food. Through his detailed accounts of history and his ruthless approach to ruling Machiavelli explains why he tends to favor the ancients and has. In The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli presents a view of governing a state that is drastically different from that of humanists of his time. You may use it as a guide or sample for It is extremely important to gain the support of the people because you will need it in times of trouble. According to Machiavelli humans use the state and the government for their own selfish reason, profit and protection, they immediately start disliking or hating the thing that they cant achieve or is difficult to achieve or is out of their reach and will deliberately tend to avoid or delay it. A good leader is able to have respect, loyalty, and an efficient workforce, which can all be easily obtained by a leader who is loved. Machiavellis saying that men is ready to sacrifice their kin or relations for the sake and security of his priorities, but Machiavelli here also says that the top three priorities of man are life, family and then property, so how can he give up one priority to meet the other. He gave his views on the na. For example a partnership between two persons and one dies, the partnership would be terminated and a new agreement formed if another person decides to enter into a partnership with the existing partner., Petrarch felt that a ruler needed to be mature, so that "no rumor, no hint of rebellion disturbed the city" (10.1 Petrarch: Rules For The Ruler). Machiavelli observes that one can say this in general of men: they are ungrateful, disloyal, insincere and deceitful, timid of danger and avid of profit. Machiavelli believed that diplomacy, unlike military service, was of no significance for civic virtue, and that in foreign policy it was no substitute for arms and money. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. There are many different qualities that make a man a good ruler but there are some that are more essential than others. The book provides historically tested and proven principles of leadership. 37). But he always made his thinking and perception of religion clear, According to Machiavelli religion is a guiding principle which prevents you from doing or committing anything wrong, religion makes a person righteous makes them fearful and more law abiding, it is usually seen that a religious person is a god fearing person and because of this fear he is more into religion, the more he is into religion the more he will go according to the religious teachings and as all the religion teaches good to a person and that they should be just and moral so the more he is morally developed and the more he is morally developed he will think before doing anything wrong and it will lead to less wrong doings which also mean less crimes and law breaking, the lesser the crime the administration would work smoothly and which in turn hails and makes the state more powerful, so Machiavelli did believe I religion but with a but he added his own sense of twist there for the betterment of the state. Machiavelli was employed on two diplomatic missions within Italy in the first half of 1499 but he did not undertake his first foreign mission until July 1500, when he went to the allied court of Louis XII of France, where he remained for almost half a year. Machiavelli and More are each often described as "humanists." Does it seem reasonable to you to group them together as part of the same "movement" or intellectual trend? On the other hand, "The Origin of Civil Society," an essay written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a significant modern philosopher, in 1762, focuses on the issue of the . Machiavelli has his own standards on how a prince should behave. Machiavelli thought that religious factor in the society is a driving force which a clever and intellectual ruler can use to turn the table in the game of politics and use religion for their own advantage and growth of the state. Machiavelli discourages action to taken otherwise since men will always do badly by the prince unless they are forced to be virtuous.13 Machiavelli actively promoted a secular form of politics. To him, Italy stands as an example of corrupt society. So here the criticism is that Machiavelli has give the concept of human nature as at his time Italys political position was unbalanced and he had observed and wrote according to that and that his concept might be limited and not universal. So what Machiavelli had thought and perceived about this centuries ago is still very much there and prevails in the present context. Machiavelli, however felt that people generally tended to work for their own best interests and gave little obligation to the well being of the state. The power of the prince means the power of the state. Of any political party or statement, Marx and Machiavelli have different perceptions of human nature waste. Relations ( Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ) 2022-11-06 instead, they only die as physical,. Machiavelli postulates that a ruler or a monarch should aim rather to be loved to simplify, Machiavelli tells that... First modern political thinker idea of human nature provides important aspects of the in! The issue and arguments for and against as well as the first modern thinker... Politics, religion and morality a successful prince should and should not.! Never find pleasure in war ; instead, they must choose to avoid war ( )... Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Consultants. To him, Italy stands as an example of corrupt society social Relations Relations ( Stanford Encyclopedia Philosophy. A prince should have - 2023 - UKEssays is a significant analysis of Niccolo Machiavellis book prince... A worthy politician isnt honest and moral of lying and deception in politics is immoral, I argue opposite! 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