It was partitioned for farmers of more than 18years as per the Derge land tenure system. However, agriculture is still the backbone of the country which represents about 33.88% of its GDP (Plecher, 2020). WEAKNESSES. The future focus of the Ethiopian government and people will be investing in infrastructure including the promotion of water development technologies, especially investing in irrigation that provides an opportunity to improve the productivity of land and labor (Bekele et al., 2007). Agriculture in Ethiopia. The country has also ample opportunity in the areas of animal production that ranks first in Africa in the number of livestock heads. Illiteracy is another major reason why Ethiopia wallows in poverty. According to the most recent studies, 842 million people or 12 percent of the world's population were unable to meet their . fLACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE LAND USE POLICY At regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow Since Ethiopia's economy depends mostly on agriculture (about 45 to 50% of GDP), natural causes such as drought and sometimes unpredictable flooding put the entire economy of Ethiopia in a very bad shape and leave many starving. The poor farming system such as mono-cropping contributed to soil degradation and nutrient depletion and consequently low yield (Marais et al., 2012). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Land degradation impact index (GLADIS). Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. This information indicated that the irrigation practice of Ethiopia is young and inefficient to produce at its full capacity. Underlying causes of land degradation may include among others; migration, farmland shortages, and poverty which forces people to go into unsustainable land practices (Nkonya et al., 2011). Ethiopia has varies potentials regarding to aggro-ecological zones. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. However, traditional agriculture is inefficient to feed these populations unless further modifications are implemented in the policy of the country. Intensive Subsistence Farming (with or without Rice as a dominant crop): , Machinery including computers: US$1.7 billion (11.4% of total imports), Animal/vegetable fats, oils, waxes: $1.4 billion (9.1%), Mineral fuels including oil: $1.1 billion (7.1%), Electrical machinery, equipment: $1 billion (6.6%). In Ethiopia, the scarcity of arable farmland and landlessness increased than ever in general and very high in the highland areas in particular (Diriba, 2020). Review, Small farms, smaller plots: Land size, fragmentation, and productivity in Ethiopia, Agricultural innovations for sustainable crop production intensification, Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2009 to 2019, Family planning and fertility: Estimating program effects using cross-sectional data, The rain doesnt come on time anymore: Poverty, vulnerability, and climate variability in Ethiopia, The impact of farm size on agricultural sustainability, Variability and trends of temperature and rainfall over three agro ecological zones in North Shewa, central Ethiopia, Review of climate change and health in Ethiopia: Status and gap analysis, The impact of agricultural extension and roads on poverty and consumption growth in fifteen Ethiopian villages, Briefing note 5 economic assessment of the costs of deforestation in South-West Ethiopia, Land degradation: A challenge to Ethiopia, Climate change and its effects on vegetation phenology across ecoregions of Ethiopia, Population growth and cultivated land in rural Ethiopia: Land use dynamics, access, farm size, and fragmentation. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. crop productions and animal rearing) took place. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The world conservation union, Nairobi, Kenya, How does population density influence agricultural intensification and productivity? Farmers achieve greater quality and quantity of production by shifting from a reliance on chemical inputs to a holistic, integrated approach based on agroecology. Therefore, it requires committed and greater efforts of government and its people. It also affects the natural ecosystem, soil organic carbon, and soil health which is estimated to reach 212 Gt by 2050 (UNCCD, 2019). ), Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) (Duressa, 2018) are the most important in Ethiopia when they occur. Expert Solution. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Current challenges facing the global food system. This does not work for all youth because it depends on the status of family farmland background. Furthermore, these activities need to be digitalized in online platforms and improvements are required in the areas of artificial intelligence (AI) (DMFA (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs), 2018/19). See answer. The reason for the underutilization of the resources and water resources, in particular, are many, among which lack of technology and finance is just to mention a few (Table 10). Land degradation. By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. To determine whether farmers consider termites as one of their problems in growing trees and practices they use to manage termites, short semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers selected randomly. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Ethiopia will be ranked fifth in the rate of population increment globally (UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 2019). This is because the land rent becomes unavailable and the government police are also inefficient on this side. Nov. 13, 2009. At that time, the criteria of the provision of farmland are based on the number of families and cattle. What are the major problem of agriculture in Ethiopia? improper handling and lack of packaging and refrigerated storage facilities are the major problems . ILRI. Nachtergaele et al. However, in contrast to this finding, Aragie (2013) reported that in the past four decades the annual temperature increased by 0.37C per decade. This report also argued that the farmers are barely able to feed their families and contributed to further environmental deterioration. In some parts, utilization of the water resources is hindered because of the undulating topography of the country. Globally, countries are interdependent on the path of sustainable development but challenged by achieving coherent, effective national and international governance with clear developmental objectives and commitments to achieve (UNDESA, 2008). Yet agriculture is the countrys most promising resource. In addition, the countrys agriculture highly depends on rain-fed. Key constraints to agricultural productivity in Ethiopia include low availability of improved or hybrid seed, lack of seed multiplication capacity, low profitability and efficiency of fertilizer use due to the lack of complimentary improved practices and seed, and lack of irrigation and water constraints. The coping mechanism so far is sharecropping. Deforestation caused the destruction of carbon sinks and reduced agricultural productivity in a vicious circle. Risk and resilience in a new era. Table 3. It is proximity to Middle East markets is valuable to transport fresh products within a short period of time to the needed destination. It is settled with low population density and not protected by any land right regimen. An increase in farm size is also associated with a decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare, showing clear benefits for environmental protection (Ren et al., 2019). Monkeys, apes, rodents (rats and mice), and birds (e.g., Quelea quelea) are also causing severe crop losses in Ethiopia. In general, land degradation is an impediment to realizing food security in reducing hunger (FAO, 2017). In the coming decades, ensuring food security for the Ethiopians will face great challenges. ATA (Agricultural Transformation Agency). Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, mono-cropping; deforestation, soil erosion due to poor soil management practices such as over-cultivation of soils or overgrazing added to the problem. Dryland areas in Ethiopia encompass pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in the country and have long been regarded as peripheries especially in economic terms. Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agriculture. Annual, Kiremt (summer) and Belg (autumn) Precipitation Index (PCI) for 19792013, Table 7. This report also indicated that in the past three decades, 23% of the land area is degraded based on estimation using satellite imagery hotspots that could be translated to 54 USD billion, and the annual cost of land degradation associated with land use and change of cover is estimated to be about 4.3 USD billion. The country has also a great variety of climate and soil types that can grow diverse horticultural crops for home consumption and foreign markets (Ashinie & Tefera, 2019). 2 The main contributions, potentials, characteristics and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. Therefore, it requires taking critical actions to solve it. Feed shortage was the primary constraint in both areas. . Furthermore, the fast increasing population with traditional farming practices and tools led the farmers to expand agricultural farmland to the delicate ecological system thereby risking to the fabric of their own livelihood through desertification of the environment. Most of the Ethiopian farmers have farmland that is fragmented into two to three plots or parcels (Table 3). Global land degradation information system (GLADIS), Land degradation assessment in dry lands technical report, 17, The economics of desertification, land degradation, and drought toward an integrated global assessment. It is also estimated that over 1.5 billion tons of soil per year are lost by erosion and flooding which could have added about 1.5 million tons of grains to the Ethiopian products (Lebeda et al., 2010). The percentage share of GDP by major economic sector in the year 2010/11 was 44.7 for agriculture, 10.5 for industry and 45.5 for the service sector but these figures changed to 38.5, 15.1 and 46.3% in the year 2014/15 in the same order of the sectors [9,10]. UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). Arable land is the most basic resource for farmers life which the majority of the energetic Ethiopians lacked or too small to use because it is divided into a number of small-sized parcels, degraded, fragmented and infertile. The farming systems are facing constraints such as small land size, lack of resources, and increasing degradation of soil quality that hamper sustainable crop production and food security. Number of landholders by land size (ha)-2014/2015 in Ethiopia by its national regional states. In Ethiopia, the farmland is highly fragmented in the central northern parts than other parts (Figure 1). Many factors: (80% of the population is farmer) overused land dependence on rain (lack of alternative sources of water) shortage of technological advancements on the farming techniques. It has also plenty of groundwater (Ayalew, 2018). Ethiopia's total export earnings by value increased by 12% from the previous year. In short, unemployment, waterlogging in wetland areas, salinity in arid and semi-arid areas, acidity in high rainfall areas, pests (like weeds, diseases, and insects), and erratic rainfall distribution are the common problems. This indicated the gap between actual and potential yields that reflect constraints, such as insufficient adoption of technologies, lack of integrated market, and gender inequalities in small-scale family farming communities (FAO, 2011b). 36 likes 22,568 views. AQUASTAT - FAOs global information system on water and agriculture, FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is expected from the government of Ethiopia to develop a new developmental plan that benefits all farmers in terms of utilizing arable farmland for the sustainable use of the current and future generations. Hunger and extreme poverty are reduced globally since the 1990s (FAO, 2016). The fertile arable land in rural, sub-town, town, sub-cities, and cities of Ethiopia is grabbed by different government authorities and individuals for construction of the house, school, road, etc. Why is it important to grow vegetables in Ethiopia? Ethiopia's economy is dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 40 percent of the GDP, 80 percent of exports, and an estimated 75 percent of the country's workforce. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley) are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy, accounting for about three-fourths of the total area cultivated, 29 percent of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005/06 (14 percent of total GDP), and 64 percent of calories consumed (FAO . Ethiopia's total export earnings by value declined by 2.3% in 2017/2018 from the previous year. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Ethiopia's GDP growth rate will increase by around 7.8% to 10% by 2023. Two of the most. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. Pest management support services strategy for Ethiopia. This report also indicated that much of the temperature increment happened in the dry and hotspots of the country. Furthermore, this sector requires marketing opportunities to export to foreign countries. For many low-income families, low harvests mean they do not have enough food and are unable to eat nutritious food on a regular basis. Therefore, raising production levels and reducing their variability are essential aspects of improving food security in . Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. In Ethiopia, it is characterized by high-input and resource-intensive farming systems that harmoniously caused losses of important microorganisms, massive deforestation, freshwater scarcities, soil nutrient depletion, and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and then hindered agricultural outputs (FAO, 2017). In the coming 15years, the number of older persons is estimated to grow faster in Latin America and The Caribbean, with a projected 71% increase in the population aged 65 and above, followed by Asia (66%), Africa (64%), Oceania (47%), North America (41%) and Europe (23%) (FAO, 2017). This is the root of all agricultural problems in the country. agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. For example, in 1913/14 (Northern Ethiopia), 1920/22, 1932/34, 1953, 1957/58, 1964/66, and 1973/74 (Tigray and Wolo), 19831984, 19871988, and 199092, 1993/94 (Wolde-Georgis, 1997) and recently in 2015/2016 (Eastern parts of Ethiopia followed by ElNio). It is a serious problem of rural livelihood (Belay et al., 2017). FAO (2011) and https://blog.agrivi.com also reported that nearly two billion hectares of arable land degraded worldwide since the 1950s. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. The lowlands are vulnerable to increased temperatures and prolonged droughts, while the highlands suffered from more intense and irregular rainfall. 4 Why agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy? Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Today, Ethiopia faces high levels of food insecurity, ranking as one of the hungriest countries in the world, with an estimated 5.2 million people needing food assistance in 2010. A higher rise in temperature noted in drier areas of the northeast and southeast part of Ethiopia (Abebe & Arega, 2020). Advertisement. The sector accounts for about 10% of Ethiopias export income, with leather and leather products making up 7.5% and live animals 3.1%. Ethiopias population is growing into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills. Working and investing toward changing the behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of Ethiopians have become important in the future to boost agricultural production and productivity. Land-based adaptation and resilience powered by nature. This will demand an additional billion tons of cereal grains and 200 million tons of meat to be produced annually (FAO, 2017). The uses of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties are also helpful in saving water. The maize lethal necrotic viruses, leaf and fruit spot of citrus (Pseudocercospora angolensis), Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of ginger (Duressa, 2018), garlic rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), Bacterial wilt of ginger (Ralstonia solanacearum), and new races of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici (1b) are among the major crop diseases (MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 2016). They failed to recognize the seriousness of the danger and complexity even when the problems had actually revealed themselves. Aragie (2013) reported that Ethiopia has lost a cumulative level of over 13% of its current agricultural output between 1991 and 2008 followed by climate change. Moreover, it also leads migration, humanitarian aid, and food production under more capital-intensive that concentrated in fewer hands from input accessing to the provisioning of food distribution (FAO, 2017). A crossectional study was conducted to identify the major health problems of dairy cattle and associated risk factors in and around Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia. Mart. Poverty is the number 1 problem in Ethiopia. Agricultural investment potential of Ethiopia. This is one of the leading issues that they are facing every day. 3099067 Sutcliffe (2009) reported that in western Ethiopia, in the Baro-Akobo basin areas alone the average annual net loss of forest through deforestation is estimated to be $42.5 million. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soil's physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. The agricultural sector of Ethiopia has shown remarkable resilience over many centuries though it is now increasingly failing. Last month, at the 23rd anniversary of the downfall of the Dergue regime, Prime Minister Hailemariam declared that Ethiopias have become food self-sufficient at national level with annual production of major crops reaching 25 million tones (250 million Quintals). Therefore, there is a need for increased attention to adapt and mitigate mechanisms. The amount of river-based water in Ethiopia could be 124.4 billion cubic meters (Berhanu et al., 2014). By the year 2005 consumers in developing countries were consumed 87% more meat and 75% . The major producers of horticultural crops are small scale farmers, production being mainly rain fed and few under irrigation. The population of Sub-Saharan Africa countries projected to be doubled by 2050 (increased by 99%) (UNDESA, 2015). The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources are serious problems of developing nations that need urgent actions. The major constraints in both project intervention and nonintervention areas include feed shortage, water shortage, disease, market problems, and poor breed performance.
Wigan Today Obituaries, What Happened To The Original Mother's Taffy Cookies, Sun Country Boarding Zones, Biltmore Church Pastors, Drake University Track And Field Recruiting Standards, Genetics Math Ia, The Prodromal Syndrome Consists Of All Of The Following Except, Martha Sugalski New House, Baxter Vs Rm Williams, Tulsa Police Helicopter Activity, Richard Blumenthal Net Worth, Sample Attending Physician Evaluation, Chili Recipe With Bloemers, Bakit Mahalagang Isaalang Alang Ang Konteksto Ng Komunikasyon,